Home equity is the portion of your home's value that you actually own — your home's market value minus all outstanding mortgage balances and liens. A HELOC (Home Equity Line of Credit) lets you borrow against that equity, similar to a credit card, up to a lender-approved limit typically capped at 80–90% combined loan-to-value (CLTV). Home equity is a critical figure in estate planning, divorce settlements, refinancing decisions, and qualification for home equity loans or HELOCs.